“Call off” 详解：英语动词短语全面指南
英语动词短语 call off 是你经常会遇到的常用表达。正确掌握 call off 的用法可以极大提升你的流利度和理解力。无论是需要取消计划，还是停止某个行为，了解它的多种含义和结构都非常重要。本指南将带你探索 call off 的不同用法，提供清晰例句，介绍相关词组，并通过练习帮助你巩固理解。准备好提升你的英语动词短语知识吧！
目录
Call off是什么意思？
英语动词短语 call off 是一个灵活且常用的表达，每位英语学习者都应掌握。其核心含义是取消某事。被取消的可以是活动、安排，甚至是已计划或进行中的某个行为。
不过，它的用法不仅限于简单的取消。它还可以描述指示某人或动物停止攻击或烦扰行为。理解 call off 在不同语境下的用法对于有效沟通至关重要，否则容易引发误解。整个指南会进一步深入这些含义，让你能够准确运用 call off。
Call off的句型结构
了解如何用 call off 造句是正确使用它的关键。根据不同语义，这个动词短语的用法也有所区别。我们将探索主要含义及常见的句型结构，并看看 call off 和宾语的搭配方式。
含义1：取消某个已计划的活动或安排
这是 call off 最常见的用法。用 call off 某个事件时，就表示你正式决定该事情不会如期举行。取消的原因可能包括天气恶劣、资源不足、突发情况，或者仅仅是计划改变。需要注意的是，call off 通常意味着彻底取消，而非单纯地推迟。
在社交和职场中，准确理解这一用法非常重要。无论是聚会、会议、球赛还是旅行，用 call off 表达取消的能力都是沟通的必备技能。常用搭配有：call off a meeting，call off a wedding，call off a party，call off a game，call off a search，或 call off a strike。
主动结构： 主语 + call off + [活动/安排] 当主语执行取消动作时，使用该结构。
- Example 1: They had to call off the outdoor concert because of the unexpected thunderstorm.
- Example 2: The organizers decided to call off the conference due to low registration numbers.
被动结构： [活动/安排] + to be (is/are/was/were/has been) + called off + (by someone / due to something) 当关注点在于活动被取消，而非取消的人，或执行者不明或不重要时，可以用被动语态。
- Example 1: The football match was called off due to a waterlogged pitch.
- Example 2: Unfortunately, our annual picnic has been called off this year.
进一步说明： 有时 call off 暗示最后一刻的取消，例如 “They called off the trip at the eleventh hour.”，表示决定非常突然。
含义2：命令动物（通常是狗）或有时是人，停止攻击、追赶或骚扰某人/某物
call off 在这个意义上是指让动物，最常见是狗，立刻停止攻击或不当行为。也可用于人，表达对方过于激进或执着时让其停止。这里往往表示主语对该动物或人的控制。
此用法强调“控制”，是直接下达制止行为的命令，常见于需要保护安全或维持安宁时。
结构： 主语 + call off + [动物/人] + (from [某人/某物]) 如需明确，也可添加from短语，但如果语境明确通常可省略。
- Example 1: The owner quickly called off his dog when it started growling at the child.
- Example 2: "Please, call off your reporters! I have no comment," pleaded the celebrity, hoping to stop their insistent questioning.
注意： 该语境下的 call off 通常指需要立刻终止某种行为，是直接命令。
含义3：停止或放弃正在进行的行为、行动或追踪
这个用法不局限于预先计划的事件，还适用于正在进行的活动。call off 一个行为，意思是做出终止决定，通常是因危险、徒劳或已无必要。可用于警方追捕、搜救、调查，甚至军事行动。
做出 call off 这样的决定通常需要权威或认真权衡，是有意识地终止正在进行的事务。
结构： 主语 + call off + [行为/行动/追踪]
- Example 1: The authorities decided to call off the search for the missing climbers as night fell and conditions worsened.
- Example 2: After several failed attempts and mounting costs, the engineers had to call off the experiment.
语境辨析：call off 事件（含义1）和call off 行动（含义3）的区别在于被终止对象的性质。含义1是指未来已安排的事项，含义3则是指正在进行的活动。例如，call off a planned protest（取消预定活动），而当抗议已经进行中被叫停，可说 the leaders called off the ongoing demonstration（终止正在发生的行为）。
正确使用“Call Off”：及物性与宾语
理解 call off 的及物性至关重要。它大多数用法都是及物动词短语，即需要直接宾语补全意义。宾语就是被取消或被停止的内容。
- 取消事件时： 宾语是具体事件（如 “They called offthe meeting.”）。
- 制止动物/人时： 宾语是动物或人（如 “He called offhis dog.”）。
- 终止行动时： 宾语是动作或追踪（如 “The police called offthe chase.”）。
宾语不可省略。例如直接说“They called off”而不说明取消什么，通常不完整，除非上下文已明确。
可分离还是不可分离？call off 作动词短语时，一般情况下可分离，即名词宾语既可以放在 call 和 off之间，也可以放在 off后面。
- They called the game off. （分开放置）
- They called off the game. （合在一起）
两种用法都正确且常见，只是遇到较长的名词宾语置于off后有助于句子清晰。但如果宾语是代词（it, them, him, her），必须放在 call 和 off之间。
- 正确：They had a meeting planned, but they called it off.
- 错误：They had a meeting planned, but they called off it.
这个区分对语法准确度很关键。要注意自己的宾语是名词还是代词，才能正确运用 call off。
相关短语与近义词
虽然 call off 是非常实用的动词短语，英语还有多种表达类似意思的方式。了解这些近义词和相关短语能够丰富你的词汇量，也有助于理解不同语境下的细微差别。以下表格列举了表达“取消”意义时与 call off 意义相近的词和短语。
| 近义词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Cancel | 决定某个已安排的活动不再举行。这是最直接的近义词。 | We had to cancel our holiday reservation due to illness. |
| Abandon | 完全放弃某项行动、做法或想法；停止追求。 | They decided to abandon the project due to a severe lack of funding. |
| Abort | 使（过程、任务、步骤）因某种问题或故障而提前结束。 | The space mission had to be aborted moments after launch due to a technical issue. |
| Scrap | 放弃或丢弃（计划、项目或系统），通常因不可行或无人想要。 | The initial new road plan was scrapped after widespread public protests. |
| Discontinue | 停止做、供应或生产原先持续或定期提供的事物。 | The company announced it would discontinue that particular model of car next year. |
选择近义词时要考虑具体语境。上述词都与停止或终止有关，但语气有细微差别，适用情境也略有不同。例如，abort 常用于因问题而突然终止进行中的事务，而 scrap 更多表示将整个计划丢弃。
练习时间！
现在你已经了解了 call off 的含义和用法，是时候测试一下自己了！通过解答以下问题，帮助你巩固对该动词短语的掌握。请为每题选择最合适的答案。
Question 1: Which sentence uses "call off" to mean 'cancel an event'? a) The manager had to call off the angry customer.
b) They decided to call off the concert due to poor ticket sales.
c) "Please call off your dog!" she cried.
d) He called off from work because he was sick. (Note: "call off from work" is sometimes used informally to mean call in sick, but standard use refers to cancellation)
Correct answer: b
Question 2: "The search was called off after three days." In this sentence, "called off" means: a) Postponed
b) Started
c) Continued
d) Cancelled or stopped
Correct answer: d
Question 3: If someone tells you to "call off your dog," they want you to: a) Make your dog bark louder.
b) Take your dog for a walk.
c) Stop your dog from attacking or bothering them.
d) Find a new name for your dog.
Correct answer: c
Question 4: Which of the following is the least appropriate synonym for "The wedding was called off"? a) The wedding was cancelled.
b) The wedding was scrapped.
c) The wedding was postponed.
d) The wedding was abandoned.
Correct answer: c
你答得怎么样？复习你觉得难的题目会帮助你更好地吸收知识。多加练习，你很快就能自如地使用 call off 这个动词短语了！
结论
掌握像 call off 这样的动词短语，是你英语学习旅程中的一大跃进。了解它在取消事件或安排、命令动物停止、或终止正在进行中的行为等多种含义，以及如何正确造句，定能提升你的自信和表达能力。
我们已经看到，call off 是一个既实用又常见的动词短语，并有明确的及物性和可分离性语法规则。通过注意语境、勤于练习，你会自然而然把 call off 运用于实际英语交流中。恭喜你深入学习了这个实用短语！继续坚持，祝你语言学习进步！
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