短语动词解析：如何正确使用“Come Under”

学习英语短语动词可能具有挑战性，但掌握它们能让你的英语更流利。这篇文章聚焦于多功能的短语动词 "come under"。我们将探讨它的多种含义，以及在不同语境下如何准确使用 "come under"。读完后，你将更清晰地理解这个重要的英语词汇部分，并能够自信地运用 "come under"。我们会了解它的定义、句型结构、相关词汇，并通过练习检测你的掌握程度。

目录

• “Come under”是什么意思？
• “Come under”的结构
• 相关短语与同义表达
• 练习时间！
• 总结

“Come under”是什么意思？

短语动词 "come under" 通常表示遭受某种事物，往往是负面的，如批评、攻击或压力。有时也指被归入某一类别或标题下。理解语境对把握其在具体句子中的确切含义至关重要。

“Come under”的结构

短语动词 "come under" 常用来描述某一主体受到外部力量的影响，或被划入特定类别。虽然它表面看似简单，但根据后接的名词，其含义会有细微变化。理解其不同用法有助于你更有效地使用这一短语动词。

以下是 "come under" 的常见含义及结构：

含义一：遭受（攻击、批评、压力、审查等）

这是 "come under" 最常见的用法。它通常带有负面色彩，隐含着一种不受欢迎的经历。主语常常是被动的，承受来自外部（即便未明说）的动作（如批评、攻击等）。强度可从轻微审查到严厉攻击。例如，一部新电影可能come under严厉评论，或一位政治家因一项有争议的决定而come under炮火。这种用法非常动态，突出外部力量对主体的影响。

• 结构： 主语 + come under + 名词（如 attack, criticism, fire, pressure, scrutiny, influence, suspicion, discussion, review）
• 例句1: The government has come under severe criticism for its handling of the economic crisis, with many calling for new policies.
• 例句2: The small village came under attack during the night, forcing residents to seek shelter.
• 补充例句: The company's unusual accounting practices have come under scrutiny from regulators, prompting a detailed investigation.

含义二：被归类、被划分为；属于某特定范围或标题下

此义项较为中性，涉及到组织、管理或定义。它指某事物在体系、架构中的归属或责任归属。可理解为被归入某一板块或属于某实体管辖之下。常见于官方、学术或组织场景，用来界定范围或责任。掌握这个含义有助于你更好理解正式英语。

• 结构： 主语 + come under + 名词（如 a heading, a category, a description, the jurisdiction of, the auspices of, the umbrella of）
• 例句1: This particular issue will come under the heading of "Miscellaneous Expenses" in the final budget report.
• 例句2: All matters related to employee welfare and benefits come under the Human Resources department's purview.
• 补充例句: Rare book preservation comes under the special collections division of the library, which has dedicated staff for this purpose.

含义三：受某人或某事影响

当 "come under" 以这种含义使用时，表示主体受到外界的人、思想或力量的影响。这种影响可以是正面的、负面的或中性的，通常暗示主体对外界的某种顺从或易受影响。这一用法强调由于外部因素带来的变化或潜在变化。

• 结构： 主语 + come under + 名词（如 the influence of someone, a spell, the sway of an idea）
• 例句1: He quickly came under the influence of his charismatic new mentor, adopting many of his views on leadership.
• 例句2: She seemed to come under a spell whenever he was around, agreeing to everything he proposed without question.
• 补充例句: Many young artists come under the influence of established masters before developing their own unique style.

含义四：经历、经受（通常指某一过程或状态，有时暗示被管理或指导）

这一用法更为广泛，和“被施加”略有重叠，但多指较为正式的过程或被管理的状态。与直接负面影响（如攻击）不同，更多指进入一个阶段或状态，如修复、调查或发展，暗指一种过渡期或被某种情况管理。

• 结构： 主语 + come under + 名词（如 repair, construction, investigation, new management, development, consideration）
• 例句1: The historic bridge will come under repair starting next month, causing temporary traffic diversions for local commuters.
• 例句2: Following the audit, several departments will come under investigation to ensure compliance with new regulations.
• 补充例句: The struggling company eventually came under new management with hopes of a significant turnaround in its fortunes.

相关短语与同义表达

掌握同义表达能有效提升你的词汇量和理解能力，使你能更精准地表达相似的意思。以下是与 "come under" 各含义相关的词汇和短语，以及具体用法和例句。通过扩展这些关联表达，你能更好领悟英语的细微差别。

合理使用这些同义词可让你的表达更加丰富和高级。请注意语义和用法上的细微差别，经常留意它们各自适用的情景。

练习时间！

我们来做几个题目，测试你对 "come under" 及其多种含义的掌握。选择最适合每个句子的选项。这样的练习有助于巩固你对这一多面短语动词的理解。

Question 1: Which sentence uses "come under" to mean being subjected to criticism or pressure? a) The new software update will come under the 'Utilities' section.

b) The politician has come under intense pressure to explain his recent decisions.

c) All documents related to the merger come under this file.

d) He quickly came under the table to hide.

Correct answer: b

Question 2: "The old building is scheduled to ______ major renovation next year." Which phrasal verb or phrase best completes the sentence in a similar meaning to one of the uses of "come under"? a) come across

b) come under

c) fall apart

d) get over

Correct answer: b

Question 3: "After the controversial article was published, the newspaper ______ a lot of fire from readers." The most appropriate phrasal verb is: a) came up against

b) came out with

c) came under

d) came around to

Correct answer: c

Question 4: In the sentence, "These specific regulations come under the authority of the national agency," what does "come under" primarily mean? a) To be physically located beneath something.

b) To be attacked or criticized by the agency.

c) To be influenced by the agency's opinions.

d) To be within the jurisdiction or category of the agency's responsibilities.

Correct answer: d

你做得如何？如果有题目觉得难，建议回顾前文的定义和例句。多练习才能真正掌握短语动词的用法！

总结

掌握 "come under" 这样的短语动词，是提升英语水平、使表达地道的重要一步。理解它的多重含义——无论是被批评或攻击、被归在特定类别、还是受到影响——都能让你的沟通更具层次、更加精准。语境对辨别其含义至关重要。多练习结构、阅读各种例句，你会发现come under会逐渐成为你日常表达的常用词汇。继续加油！