短语动词解析:“Cancel Out”的正确用法
学习英语短语动词可以让你的语言之路收获满满。今天,我们将深入讲解多功能短语动词 cancel out。准确理解并使用 cancel out 能帮你更有效地表达中和或平衡的意思。本文将会探讨 cancel out 的各种含义、语法结构、同义词,并提供练习帮助你巩固所学。读完之后,你将在日常英语交流中更自信地使用这个实用的短语动词。
目录
“Cancel out”是什么意思?
短语动词 cancel out 一般表示两种或多种事物互相产生相反的作用,从而整体结果为中和或为零。它暗示某一方的影响被另一方所抵消或平衡。理解这一概念对于掌握细致的英语表达非常有帮助,也可以让你更准确地使用 cancel out。
“Cancel out”的结构
短语动词 cancel out 通常以不及物用法(即没有被主语“cancel out”的直接宾语),或者与“each other”(彼此)或“one another”(互相)连用。有时,一个事物(主语)cancel out另一个事物(宾语)。我们来详细了解 cancel out 的常见含义和句型结构,帮助你更好地掌握其用法。
含义1:使某物的效果被中和或抵消
这是 cancel out 最普遍的含义。指两个相反的力量、数量或作用有效地让彼此失去意义,净效应归零。理解这种用法能帮助你掌握 cancel out 的核心思想。
**结构一(不及物,常和“each other”连用):**主语 + cancel out (+ each other)
- Example 1: The good news and the bad news seemed to cancel out each other, leaving us unsure how to feel.
- Example 2: Their positive arguments and negative arguments eventually cancel out.
**结构二(及物):**主语 + cancel out + 宾语
- Example 1: The extra payment will cancel out the previous debt.
- Example 2: Her kindness didn't cancel out his rude behavior entirely, but it helped.
含义2:达到零平衡(多用于会计或数学)
cancel out 这个用法指借贷项或正负数完全平衡,最后总和为零。在财务和数学语境中,这种用法非常常见。
**结构一(不及物):**主语(复数或集合名词)+ cancel out
- Example 1: After all the calculations, the profits and losses for this quarter cancel out.
- Example 2: In this equation, the positive and negative terms will cancel out.
结构二(及物,这种数学语境下较少见但有): 一组数值 + cancel out + 另一组数值
- Example 1: The credits cancel out the debits on the balance sheet.
- Example 2: His unexpected bonus helped cancel out the cost of the car repairs.
含义3:决定某项已安排的活动不再举行(不常见,“cancel”更常用,但“cancel out”可表示因冲突事件导致的取消)
虽然“cancel”直接用于事件更普遍,当一个事件导致另一个活动因冲突而被移出日程时,可以用 cancel out。意思是一方使计划失效或无效。
- 结构:主语(如产生冲突的事件)+ cancel out + 宾语(被取消的事件)
- Example 1: The urgent meeting cancelled out our lunch plans.
- Example 2: Unfortunately, the rainstorm cancelled out the outdoor concert. (这里,“cancelled”更常见,不过“cancelled out”强调雨天是取消计划的原因)
对于第三种含义,更直接的还是使用“cancel”(例如“They cancelled the concert”),但使用 cancel out 时可以突出导致取消的原因或冲突因素。cancel out 的主要含义还是围绕中和。
掌握这些结构,有助于你正确使用 cancel out。要注意动词是作用于宾语,还是互相 cancel out。恰当的使用,会让你的英文更自然、表达更精准。
相关短语与同义词
为了提升词汇量、进一步理解我们正在讲解的短语动词,下面看看一些相关的同义短语和表达。这些替代选择能让你根据具体语境用不同的方式表达相似意思,而不只局限于一个短语动词。
同义词 | 意思 | 例句 |
---|---|---|
Offset | 以一种影响、作用或债务来平衡另一种。 | The company's profits were offset by high operational costs. |
Neutralize | 通过创造相反的效果使某物不再起作用。 | They added a chemical to neutralize the acid in the soil. |
Counteract | 采取措施抵消某事,以减少其影响或将其中和。 | This medicine should help counteract the effects of the poison. |
Balance | 使重量、力量或重要性等达到均衡。 | The strengths and weaknesses of the plan seem to balance each other. |
Negate | 使某物失去效果。 | The poor customer service negated the benefits of the product. |
这些词语的含义略有差别。例如,neutralize 常指让某物变得无害,offset 则常见于财务情境。选择哪一个同义词取决于你想表达的具体“抵消”或“平衡”的内容。
练习时间!
尝试做下面几道题,检验你对用法的掌握,每题选择最佳答案。
Question 1: Which sentence best uses "cancel out" to mean neutralize? a) The loud music will cancel out the party. b) The two opposing forces cancel out each other, resulting in no movement. c) I need to cancel out my subscription. d) He decided to cancel out of the meeting.
Correct answer: b
Question 2: "The good news about the project and the bad news about the budget seem to _________ each other." Which phrasal verb fits best? a) call off b) cancel out c) put off d) take out
Correct answer: b
Question 3: What does it mean if two debits and credits "cancel out" on a balance sheet? a) There is a large profit. b) There is a significant loss. c) They balance each other, resulting in a net of zero. d) More information is needed.
Correct answer: c
Question 4: "The unexpected holiday bonus helped to _________ the cost of the emergency car repair." Which word is a good synonym for the main phrasal verb we are discussing in this context? a) Amplify b) Increase c) Offset d) Begin
Correct answer: c
做得怎么样?像这样用例题练习、检验短语动词会有很大的帮助。不妨也试着自己造句练习!
总结
理解并正确使用本文重点讲解的短语动词,将极大提升你用英语表达细腻想法的能力,尤其在涉及平衡、中和、抵消等语境。你已经了解了它的多种含义、常用句型和相关同义词,这对更精确沟通是很大的提升。多在各种场景中练习,它会自然而然成为你的英语词汇库里顺手拈来的表达方式。