理解短语动词 "Come up against":含义与用法
欢迎各位英语学习者!今天我们要深入学习一个非常常见且实用的英语短语动词:come up against。如果你曾经努力实现某个目标,却发现前方有障碍拦路,那么你很可能已经come up against过一些挑战。理解像这样常用的英语短语动词对于让你的英语听起来更加自然,以及更轻松地理解母语者的表达,都非常有帮助。这篇文章将探讨come up against的含义、各种结构形式、同义词,并为你提供练习短语动词使用的机会。让我们一起掌握come up against吧!
目录
Come up against是什么意思?
短语动词come up against是英语中非常常见的表达,常常用于描述人们面对挑战或遇到障碍的情境,尤其是在口语中。它主要的意思是遇到、面临或遭遇困难、反对或问题,通常是在意料之外的情况下。你可以把它想象成撞到了一堵意想不到的“墙”。当你come up against某事时,就是遇到了一项必须应对、处理或克服的挑战。理解这个短语动词非常有助于你理解在遇到障碍的各种情境。当你能正确使用come up against时,你的英语表达会变得更加流利,也能更有效地描述遇到的难题。
“Come up against”的细微差别
come up against通常含有“意外”或“突然性”的意味。你通常不会预先计划去come up against一个问题,它就是突然出现并让你不得不面对。这个短语动词还强调正面“对抗”或“挑战”的意味,不只是被动地注意到某物,而是主动地将其当作障碍来应对。如果你能理解这些细微差别,就可以更加准确和有效地在英语会话和写作中使用come up against。比如说,“We came up against budget cuts.”(我们遭遇了预算削减),比起简单说“我们有预算削减”,更生动明确地描绘了不可避免的挑战。这让come up against成为描述逆境的有力表达。
Come up against的句型结构
正确理解如何用come up against造句是掌握这个短语动词的关键。come up against一般作为不及物动词,后面跟介词短语,其中‘against’指明所遇到的对象(指困难或反对)。这里‘come up’作为整体使用,‘against’用来明确遇到的是什么。需要注意的是,come up against在这种用法中通常不可分开,不能说“come something up against”。宾语总是跟在完整的短语动词come up against之后:come up against + [名词/名词短语]。下面我们来详细了解它的常见含义及典型句型。
含义一:遇到困难或反对
这是come up against最常见、最灵活的用法。它生动地描述了个人、团队或项目遇到意外或重大阻力、问题、或阻碍目标达成的情形。你come up against的“对象”经常是抽象的,如“严重批评”、“官僚主义”、“经济困难”或“激烈竞争”。这种用法强调面对挑战时的对抗性,需要主动应对障碍。用come up against可以让你的英语表达更具动态感。
- 句型结构:主语 + come up against + 名词短语(困难/问题/反对)
- Example 1: The development team came up against unexpected bugs in the software just before the launch.
- Example 2: Throughout her career, she often came up against gender bias in the workplace.
含义二:面对不可避免的挑战
在这个意义上,come up against描述的是面对某种必然或不可避免的情况,或是既定体系中的问题。这更像是遇到根本性的限制、现实或复杂性的场景,不是和人或组织的直接对抗,而是与系统性的障碍碰面。常见的例子包括“技术极限”“时间约束”或“自然力量”。这种用法强调的是要直面、承认并想办法应对某个已有的、难以改变的条件。理解这个用法,有助于你识别那些挑战是体制性的,而非个人性的。
- 句型结构:主语 + come up against + 名词短语(无法回避的事物/挑战)
- Example 1: When you start a new business, you inevitably come up against a steep learning curve.
- Example 2: Any attempt to reform the system will come up against the limitations of the current budget.
含义三:迫实体遇障碍(较少见)
虽然come up against主要用于比喻场景,但有时也可以用于字面的、物理层面的障碍,即遇到挡路的东西。这个用法很直接,解释为“前进时碰到”某物。比如探险者come up against一座山脉,或司机come up against风暴后倒在路上的大树。虽然这在日常对话中不如抽象用法常见,但在需要生动描写场景的叙述或写作里,非常实用。
- 句型结构:主语 + come up against + 名词短语(物理障碍)
- Example 1: While hiking off-trail, they suddenly came up against a sheer cliff face.
- Example 2: The car came up against a fallen tree blocking the road after the storm.
相关表达与同义词
虽然come up against是描述遭遇困难时非常棒的短语动词,英语中还有许多丰富的同义表达。学会这些替代说法,不仅能让你的语言更有变化,也能帮助你理解不同语境下的细微区别。用更广泛的词汇还显示出你对英语的自如掌握,也能让你的表达更有层次。下面列出了一些常见的come up against同义词,每个词在意义或正式程度上都有细微差别。关注例句,看它们在语境中的具体用法。
同义词 | 解释 | 例句 |
---|---|---|
Encounter | 偶然、出乎意料地遇到某人或某事。 | We encountered unexpected traffic on the way home. |
Face | 直接面对、接受困难局面或问题。 | She had to face the consequences of her actions. |
Confront | 勇敢面对并处理问题、困难或对手。 | It's time to confront these issues directly. |
Run into | 突然遇上问题或困难。 | They ran into serious funding problems for their new project. |
Be met with | 受到某种特定反应或回应。 | Her innovative proposal was met with strong opposition. |
理解这些同义词,不仅可以扩展词汇量,还能帮助你针对不同语境选用最恰当的表达。
练习时间!
现在你已经掌握了come up against的含义、细微差别和句型结构,是时候检验一下自己的掌握情况了!下面的多项选择题可以帮你巩固所学内容,也能发现自己还有哪些地方需要加强。请认真阅读每个问题,并选出最佳答案。祝你好运,记得多练习才是掌握英语短语动词的关键!
Question 1: Which sentence uses "come up against" correctly? a) He came up the idea against the wall.
b) We might come up against some serious difficulties with this new system.
c) She came up against to her friend in the street.
d) They came against up the unexpected problem during the test.
Correct answer: b
Question 2: "The company came up against fierce ___ from its main rivals when launching the new product." Which word best completes the sentence? a) support
b) agreement
c) competition
d) approval
Correct answer: c
Question 3: What is a common meaning of the phrasal verb "come up against"? a) To invent something new or innovative
b) To successfully avoid a problem or difficulty
c) To encounter opposition, difficulties, or problems
d) To agree with someone's opinion or suggestion
Correct answer: c
Question 4: "Despite careful planning and preparation, the explorers came up against unforeseen environmental obstacles in the jungle." What does "came up against" mean in this context? a) They successfully avoided all the obstacles.
b) They were responsible for creating the obstacles.
c) They were faced with unexpected environmental challenges.
d) They easily overcame the obstacles without any trouble.
Correct answer: c
结语
恭喜你深入了解了come up against的各方面用法!学会并理解这个短语动词,是你有效学习短语动词、提升整体英语能力的重要一步。掌握它的主要含义——遭遇困难、反对或挑战,并知道其句型结构,能让你的表达更加准确、自然、富有冲击力。多练习、多使用come up against来造句,无论是书面还是口语,你都会进步很快。继续保持好奇心,去探索英语短语动词的精彩世界吧!